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A Brief History of the
Viking Age
8th century:
789 - Three pagan ships arrive in Portland; crew kills king's officer, likely Scandinavian Vikings.
793 - Vikings attack monastery at Lindisfarne.
794 - Vikings attack monastery at Monkwearmouth or Yarrow, but fails.
795 - Vikings approach Irish waters; attacks begin on both Ireland and Scotland.
797 - Vikings attack Lambay, Ireland.
798 - Vikings attack tiny island outside Isle of Man (according to the Ulster annals, but may in fact have been another island in the Dublin gulf area).
798/799 - Vikings attack starts on Carolingian Empire.
9th century:
800 - Skiringsal and Birka trade centers established (approximately).
802 - Vikings attack the monastery, made by St. Columba, on the Isle of Iona.
805 - Vikings attack the monastery at Iona for the second time.
815/820 - The unique Oseberg ship is built (dated by dendrochronlogy).
820 - Vikings conquer the Isle of Man and establish permanent settlement.
820 - Vikings attack Flanders and approach the mouth of river Seine.
834 - The Oseberg ship is mounded at Slagen near Tønsberg in Norway.
834 - Vikings approach the River Thames, England.
839 - Turgeis and a large Viking fleet conquer Ireland; establish permanant settlement
841 - Vikings under the leadership of Turgeis found Dublin, Ireland.
841 - Vikings burn Lillebonne, Caudebec and Rouen; destroy the abbeys of Jumieges and St Wandrille.
843 - Vikings of Vestfold establish a power base on the isle Noirmountier (Loire; raid Nates.
844 - A Viking raid on Seville repulsed by the Moors.
844 - Turgeis killed by the Irish, [drowned in Loch Nair].
845 - Viking chieftain Ragnar Lodbrok attacks Paris.
853 - Olaf the White conquers Ireland.
857 - Vikings raid Paris, [again!]
858 - Vikings capture the abbot of St Denis and claim ransom.
859 - Vikings raid in the Mediterranean for the first time.
860 - Rús (Swedes) Vikings attack Byzantium (a.k.a. Constantinople, Istanbul).
861 - The third massive Viking attack launched on Paris.
862 - Novgorod in Russia founded by the Rús Viking, Ulrich.
863 - Xanten demolished by Vikings.
866 - A huge fleet of Vikings, called «micel here», arrives in East Anglia; establishes the kingdom of York; This initiates the second phase of the Viking Age.
870 - Harold Luva (Fairhair) starts his effort to gain full control in Norway.
871 - Alfred the Great becomes king of Wessex; the Danish advance is halted.
871 - Olaf the White returns to Norway, his brother Ivarr becomes ruler of Ireland.
874 - Ivarr the Boneless dies, his sons continue attacks on north-eastern England.
879 - Rurik establishes Kiev as a power center for the Vikings in that area.
885 - A huge fleet of Viking ships attacks Paris, but fails to conquer.
886 - Alfred and the Danes split England under the Danelaw pact.
890 - The Gokstad ship is built (dated by dendrochronlogy).
890 - The battle of Hafrsfjord; Harold Fairhair unites Norway as one kingdom.
891 - The Vikings at Noirmountier (France) are defeated.
894 - Turf-Einar, son of Earl Rognwald of Møre and half brother of Rollo, becomes earl of Orkney.
10th century:
900 - Vikings raids in the Mediterranean again.
902 - The Irish regain Dublin from the Vikings, rule for fifteen years.
911 - The Viking chieftain Rollo is granted land by the Frankish king and founds the Duchy of Normandy.
917 - Vikings reconquer Dublin.
928 - Kings Æthelstan and Harold Fairhair joins in a treaty to gain control of the Norse Vikings.
930 - The first democracy of the world is founded at þingvellir, Iceland, by Vikings.
940 - Harold Fairhair dies and his son Eirik Blood-axe struggles to gain control of Norway, but fails.
941 - Rús Vikings attacks Byzants again.
942/945 - Håkon Æthelstan-fostre, Fairhair's youngest son, gains control of Norway and becomes the first Christian king there.
947 - Eirik Blood-axe, son of Harold Fairhair, gains control of York.
949 - Olaf Crovan defeats Eirik Blood-axe, who flees.
950 - Eirik Blood-axe regains control of York.
954 - Eirik Blood-axe killed at the Battle of Stainmore near York, defeated by King Edmund.
974 - Emperor Otto II of Germany attacks Denmark, but fails because of help from Norwegian Vikings.
976 - Maccus Haraldsson, first known king of Man, dies, his brother Godred succeeds him to the throne.
976 - Anglesey (coast of Wales) is included to the Norse kingdom of Man.
980 - Vikings start regular attacks to gain control of England.
984 - Viking rebel Erik the Red discovers Greenland and initiates the settling of it.
985 - The Jomsvikings attack Norway, led by Earl Sigvalde, but are defeated in the battle of Hjørungavåg.
986 - Viking ships sail in Newfoundland waters.
991 - Viking chieftain Olaf Tryggvasson and a fleet of 93 ships defeat Byrhtnoth in the battle of Maldon (August).
991 - Æthelred II pays the first Danegeld (ransom money), £10,000 in silver, to stop Viking attacks on London.
994 - Æthelred II pays off £16,000 in silver to stop Viking attacks on London.
995 - Olaf Tryggvasson conquers Norway and proclaims a Christian kingdom.
999 - Christianity reaches Greenland and Iceland by powers of Olaf Tryggvasson.
11th century:
1000 - Leif Eriksson, son of Erik the Red, explores the coast of North America.
1000 - Olaf Tryggvasson dies in the Battle of Svolder (coast of Vendland); Norway under Danish rule.
1002 - Brian Boru defeats the Norse Vikings and becomes king of all Ireland.
1009 - Viking chieftain Olaf Haraldsson (St. Olaf) attacks London by river and tears down London Bridge.
1010 - Viking explorer Thorfinn Karlsefni attempts to found a settlement in North America.
1013 - Danes, helped by Olaf Haraldsson, conquer England; Æthelred flees to Normandy.
1014 - The Vikings of Ireland are finally defeated in the Battle of Clontarf, but Brian Boru is killed.
1015 - Vikings abandon the Vinland settlements at the coast of North America.
1016 - Olaf Haraldsson regains Norway from the Danes and forces Christianity on the people.
1016 - Danes, under Canute the Great, gain full control over England.
1018 - Canute the Great crowned King of England.
1026 - Kings Anund Jakob (Sweden) and Olaf Haraldsson (Norway) unite; attack Denmark; defeated.
1028 - Canute the Great conquers Norway and Olaf Haraldsson flees the country.
1030 - Olaf Haraldsson returns to regain Norway, but is killed at the battle of Stikklestad.
1031 - Olaf Haraldsson officially proclaimed a Saint, by Bishop Grimkel (August 3rd).
1035 - Canute the Great dies, Magnus, son of St Olaf, expels the Danes from Norway and regains the kingdom.
1042 - Edward the Confessor rules England, supported by Danes.
1042 - Magnus, king of Norway, becomes king of Denmark as well.
1045 - Magnus grants Harald Hardraada half of Norway, as a co-king.
1047 - Magnus, king of Norway & Denmark, dies; Hardraada sovereign king of Norway, claims Denmark as well.
1047 - Svend Estridsson gains control of the Danish throne.
1049 - Hardraada founds Oslo, Norway.
1050 - Hardraada raids Haithabu.
1062 - Hardraada defeats Svend Estridsson in the Battle of Nissen, fails to gain control of Denmark.
1064 - Hardraada gives up Denmark and recognizes Svend Estridsson as legal heir to the Danish throne.
1066 - Harold Godwinson defeats Harald Hardraada, who is killed in the Battle of Stamford Bridge (Sep 25th).
1066 - William, Duke of Normandy, defeats Saxon king Harold in the Battle of Hastings (Oct 14th) and gains full control of England.
1072 - Vikings conquer Palermo.
1085 - Danish Vikings make a final attempt to conquer England but are defeated; the Viking era is over.
| INDEX | EVENTS | LORE | LEGENDS | EVENTING | SKALDIC | LINKS |